Icya mbere: Amagambo
Mubikorwa byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, intambwe yambere niperereza no gusubiramo ibicuruzwa.Muri byo, amagambo yavuzwe ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga arimo cyane cyane: urwego rw’ibicuruzwa, ibisobanuro by’ibicuruzwa hamwe n’icyitegererezo, niba ibicuruzwa bifite ibisabwa byihariye byo gupakira, ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa byaguzwe, igihe cyo gutanga, uburyo bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho bya ibicuruzwa, n'ibindi.Amagambo akoreshwa cyane ni: Gutanga FOB mubwato, igiciro cya CNF wongeyeho ibicuruzwa, igiciro cya CIF, ubwishingizi wongeyeho imizigo, nibindi.
Icya kabiri: Tegeka
Nyuma y’impande zombi z’ubucuruzi zimaze kugera ku ntego yatanzwe, uruganda rw’umuguzi rutanga itegeko kandi rugirana ibiganiro n’umushinga w’umugurisha ku bibazo bimwe bifitanye isano.Muburyo bwo gushyira umukono kuri "Amasezerano yubuguzi", cyane cyane kumvikanisha izina ryibicuruzwa, ibisobanuro, ingano, igiciro, gupakira, aho byaturutse, igihe cyo kohereza, uburyo bwo kwishyura, uburyo bwo gukemura, ibisabwa, ubukemurampaka, nibindi, no kuganira kumasezerano yagezeho nyuma y'imishyikirano.Andika mumasezerano yo kugura.Ibi birerekana gutangira kumugaragaro ubucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Mubihe bisanzwe, gushyira umukono kumasezerano yubuguzi bubiri bikurikizwa hamwe na kashe yemewe yisosiyete yashyizweho kashe nimpande zombi, kandi buri ruhande ruzabika kopi imwe.
Icya gatatu: Uburyo bwo kwishyura
Hariho uburyo butatu bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kwishyura, aribwo ibaruwa yo kwishyura inguzanyo, kwishyura TT no kwishyura bitaziguye.
1. Kwishura ukoresheje ibaruwa y'inguzanyo
Inzandiko z'inguzanyo zigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: ibaruwa y'inguzanyo yambaye ubusa hamwe n'ibaruwa y'inguzanyo.Inguzanyo ya documentaire bivuga ibaruwa yinguzanyo hamwe ninyandiko zisobanutse, kandi ibaruwa yinguzanyo idafite ibyangombwa yitwa ibaruwa yinguzanyo yambaye ubusa.Muri make, ibaruwa yinguzanyo ninyandiko yingwate yemeza ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byishyuye ibicuruzwa.Nyamuneka menya ko igihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze bigomba kuba mugihe cyemewe cya L / C, kandi igihe cyo kwerekana L / C kigomba gutangwa bitarenze umunsi L / C.Mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, ibaruwa yinguzanyo ikoreshwa nkuburyo bwo kwishyura, kandi itariki yatangiriyeho ibaruwa yinguzanyo igomba kuba isobanutse, isobanutse kandi yuzuye.
2. Uburyo bwo kwishyura TT
Uburyo bwo kwishyura TT bukemurwa mumafaranga yo kuvunjisha.Umukiriya wawe azohereza amafaranga kuri konte ya banki y’ivunjisha yagenwe na sosiyete yawe.Urashobora gusaba kohereza amafaranga mugihe runaka nyuma yuko ibicuruzwa bigeze.
3. Uburyo bwo kwishyura butaziguye
Bivuga ubwishyu butangwa hagati yumuguzi nugurisha.
Icya kane: kubika
Ububiko bugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byose byubucuruzi kandi bigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa umwe umwe ukurikije amasezerano.Igenzura nyamukuru ibikubiye mububiko nuburyo bukurikira:
1. Ubwiza nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa bigomba kugenzurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mumasezerano.
2. Ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa: menya neza ko umubare wamasezerano cyangwa ibaruwa yinguzanyo byujujwe.
3. Igihe cyo kwitegura: ukurikije ibiteganywa ninzandiko yinguzanyo, hamwe no gutegura gahunda yo kohereza, kugirango byoroherezwe guhuza ibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa.
Icya gatanu: Gupakira
Ifishi yo gupakira irashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibicuruzwa bitandukanye (nka: ikarito, agasanduku k'ibiti, igikapu kiboheye, nibindi).Impapuro zitandukanye zo gupakira zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye.
1. Ibicuruzwa rusange byoherezwa mu mahanga: gupakira ukurikije ibipimo rusange byoherezwa mu mahanga.
2. Ibipimo byihariye byo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze: ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bipakirwa ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye byabakiriya.
3. Ibipapuro byo gupakira no kohereza (ibimenyetso byubwikorezi) byibicuruzwa bigomba kugenzurwa neza no kugenzurwa kugirango bikurikize ibiteganywa ninzandiko yinguzanyo.
Icya gatandatu: Uburyo bwo gukuraho gasutamo
Uburyo bwo gukuraho gasutamo biragoye cyane kandi ni ngombwa cyane.Niba gasutamo itemewe, ibicuruzwa ntibishobora kurangira.
1. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kugenzurwa n’amategeko bigomba guhabwa icyemezo cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa no gutumiza mu mahanga bikubiyemo ahanini ibintu bine:
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.Kandi usuzume witonze amasezerano (ibaruwa yinguzanyo) yubuziranenge, ibisobanuro, gupakira, gusobanura ishingiro ryubugenzuzi, no kumenya ibipimo byubugenzuzi nuburyo.(Uburyo bwubugenzuzi burimo kugenzura icyitegererezo, kugenzura ibikoresho; kugenzura umubiri; kugenzura ibyumviro; kugenzura mikorobe, nibindi)
. urupapuro rwo kurekura).
2. Abakozi babigize umwuga bafite ibyemezo byerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo bagomba kujya kuri gasutamo bafite inyandiko nk'urutonde rwo gupakira, inyemezabuguzi, ububasha bwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, urupapuro rwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga, kopi y'amasezerano y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, icyemezo cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibindi byanditswe.
(1) Urutonde rwo gupakira: gupakira ibisobanuro byibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze bitangwa nuhereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
(2) Inyemezabuguzi: Icyemezo cyibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze bitangwa nuhereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
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.Ni inyandiko yemewe ifite ishingiro ryemewe n’impande zose zifite uruhare mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga gukora inshingano z’amasezerano, gukemura amakimbirane asabwa, kuganira no gukemura, no gutanga ibimenyetso mu manza.
Ikirindwi: Kohereza
Mugihe cyo gupakira ibicuruzwa, urashobora guhitamo uburyo bwo gupakira ukurikije ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa, hanyuma ugafata ubwishingizi ukurikije ubwoko bwubwishingizi buteganijwe mumasezerano yubuguzi.Hitamo muri:
1. Ibikoresho byuzuye
Ubwoko bwa kontineri (bizwi kandi nka kontineri):
(1) Ukurikije ibisobanuro n'ubunini:
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byumye (DRYCONTAINER) bikunze gukoreshwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga ni:
Ibipimo by'inyuma ni metero 20 X8 metero X8 metero 6 z'uburebure, byitwa metero 20;
Metero 40 X8 metero X8 metero 6 santimetero 6, byitwa ibikoresho bya metero 40;nibindi byakoreshejwe mumyaka yashize metero 40 X8 metero X9 metero 6 santimetero 6, byitwa metero 40 z'uburebure.
Contain Ikirenge: ubunini bwimbere ni metero 5.69 X X 2.13 metero X 2.18, uburemere rusange bwo kugabura ni toni 17.5, naho ubunini bwa metero kibe 24-26.
Contain Igikoresho cya metero 40: Ubunini bwimbere ni metero 11.8 X X 2.13 metero X 2.18 Uburemere rusange bwikwirakwizwa ni toni 22, naho ubunini bwa metero kibe 54.
Contain Uburebure bwa metero 40: ubunini bwimbere ni metero 11.8 X metero 2.13 X X metero 2.72.Uburemere rusange bwo kugabura ni toni 22, kandi ubunini ni 68 cubic meters.
Container Uburebure bwa metero 45: ubunini bwimbere ni: metero 13.58 X X 2.34 metero X 2.71, uburemere bwibicuruzwa muri rusange ni toni 29, kandi ubunini bwa metero kibe 86.
⑤ ibirenge bifunguye-hejuru: ubunini bwimbere ni metero 5.89 X metero 2.32 metero X 2.31, uburemere bwikwirakwizwa ni toni 20, nubunini bwa metero kibe 31.5.
Container Uburebure bwa metero 40 zifunguye hejuru: ubunini bwimbere ni metero 12.01 X X metero 2.33 metero X 2.15, uburemere rusange bwo kugabura ni toni 30.4, nubunini bwa metero kibe 65.
Container Ikirenge kiringaniye hasi: ubunini bwimbere ni metero 5,85 X X 2,23 metero X 2.15, uburemere rusange bwo gukwirakwiza ni toni 23, naho ubunini bwa metero kibe 28.
Container Uburebure bwa metero 40 buringaniye: ubunini bwimbere ni metero 12.05 X X metero 12,12 X 1,96, uburemere bwikwirakwizwa ni toni 36, nubunini bwa metero kibe 50.
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(3) Ukurikije intego: hari ibikoresho byumye;ibikoresho bya firigo (REFER CONTAINER);imyenda imanika ibikoresho (DRESS HANGER CONTAINER);fungura ibikoresho byo hejuru (OPENTOP CONTAINER);ibikoresho bikoreshwa (FLAT RACK CONTAINER);ibikoresho bya tank (TANK CONTAINER).
2. Ibikoresho byateranijwe
Kubikoresho byakusanyirijwe hamwe, ibicuruzwa muri rusange bibarwa ukurikije ingano nuburemere bwibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze.
Umunani: ubwishingizi bwo gutwara abantu
Ubusanzwe, impande zombi zumvikanye hakiri kare ku bibazo bijyanye n'ubwishingizi bw'ubwikorezi mu gusinya "Amasezerano yo Kugura".Ubwishingizi busanzwe burimo ubwishingizi bwo gutwara imizigo yo mu nyanja, ubwishingizi bwo gutwara abantu ku butaka no mu kirere, n'ibindi. Muri byo, ibyiciro by'ubwishingizi bikubiye mu ngingo z'ubwishingizi bw'imizigo yo gutwara abantu mu nyanja bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: ibyiciro by'ubwishingizi bw'ibanze n'ibyiciro by'ubwishingizi byiyongera:
. ibiza byibasiye inyanja;gutakaza muri rusange imizigo mugihe cyo gupakira, gupakurura no kohereza;kwigomwa, kugabana no gukiza byatewe nimpuzandengo rusange;Gutakaza imitwaro yose hamwe igice cyatewe no kugongana, umwuzure, guturika.Ubwishingizi bwangiza amazi nimwe mubibazo byibanze byubwishingizi bwo gutwara abantu mu nyanja.Dukurikije amasezerano y’ubwishingizi y’isosiyete y’ubwishingizi y’abaturage mu Bushinwa, usibye ingaruka ziri ku rutonde rw’Ubwishingizi bwa Ping An, inshingano zayo nazo zifite ingaruka z’impanuka kamere nk'ikirere gikaze, inkuba, tsunami, n'umwuzure.Ubwishingizi bw'ingaruka zose bingana n'amafaranga ya WPA n'ubwishingizi rusange bw'inyongera.
(2) Ubwishingizi bw'inyongera: Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'ubwishingizi bw'inyongera: ubwishingizi rusange bw'inyongera n'ubwishingizi bwihariye bw'inyongera.Ubwishingizi rusange bw'inyongera burimo ubwishingizi bwo kwiba no gufata, ubwishingizi bw'amazi meza n'imvura, ubwishingizi bw'igihe gito, ubwishingizi bwo kumeneka, ubwishingizi bwo kumeneka, ubwishingizi bwangirika, ubwishingizi bwanduye buvanze, ubwishingizi bwo guturika, ubwishingizi bworoheje, ubwishingizi bw'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe, n'impumuro .ibyago, nibindi bidasanzwe Ingaruka zinyongera zirimo ingaruka zintambara hamwe ningaruka ziterwa.
Icyenda: Umushinga w'itegeko
Umushinga w'inguzanyo ni inyandiko ikoreshwa n’uwatumije mu mahanga gufata ibicuruzwa no gukemura amadovize nyuma yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze yarangije uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kandi gasutamo ikabirekura.
Umushinga w'inguzanyo wasinywe utangwa ukurikije umubare wa kopi zisabwa n'urwandiko rw'inguzanyo, muri rusange kopi eshatu.Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bibika kopi ebyiri zo gusubizwa imisoro nubundi bucuruzi, kandi kopi imwe yoherejwe kubatumiza mu mahanga kugirango bakore inzira nko gutanga.
Iyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu nyanja, uwatumije ibicuruzwa agomba gufata fagitire yambere yo gupakira, urutonde rwabapakira, na fagitire yo gufata ibicuruzwa.(Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze agomba kohereza fagitire yumwimerere yo gupakira, gupakira urutonde na fagitire kubatumiza mu mahanga.)
Ku mizigo yo mu kirere, urashobora gukoresha mu buryo butaziguye fax yo kwishyuza, urutonde rwabapakira, na fagitire yo gufata ibicuruzwa.
Icya cumi: Gukemura amadovize
Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bimaze koherezwa, isosiyete itumiza mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga igomba gutegura neza inyandiko (urutonde rwabapakira, inyemezabuguzi, fagitire y’ibicuruzwa, icyemezo cy’inkomoko yoherezwa mu mahanga, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga) hamwe n’izindi nyandiko hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’urwandiko rw’inguzanyo.Mugihe cyemewe cyinyandiko ziteganijwe muri L / C, ohereza banki muri banki kugirango imishyikirano nuburyo bwo gukemura.
Usibye gukemura amadovize ukoresheje ibaruwa y'inguzanyo, ubundi buryo bwo kohereza amafaranga muri rusange burimo kohereza telegraphike (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T / T)), kohereza fagitire (DEMAND DRAFT (D / D)), kohereza amabaruwa (GUHINDURA MAIL (M) / T)), nibindi, Kubera iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike, ihererekanyabubasha rikoreshwa cyane cyane kohereza amafaranga.(Mu Bushinwa, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byishimira politiki yo kugabanyirizwa imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga)
Medoc, igice cya gatatu cy’ibikorwa mpuzamahanga bitanga serivisi z’ibikoresho biva mu Bushinwa, yashinzwe mu 2005 ikaba ifite icyicaro i Shenzhen mu Bushinwa.Itsinda ryashinze rifite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 10 yubumenyi mpuzamahanga mugereranije.
Kuva yashingwa, Medoc yiyemeje kuzaba serivisi zizewe mpuzamahanga zitanga serivisi z’ibikoresho by’inganda ku Bushinwa ndetse n’abatumiza mu mahanga kugira ngo bibafashe kurangiza neza ubucuruzi bwabo mpuzamahanga.
Serivisi zacu:
(1) Ubushinwa-EU Umurongo udasanzwe （Urugi ku muryango）
(2) Ubushinwa -Umurongo wa Aziya wo hagati special Urugi ku rugi）
(3) Ubushinwa -Gusobanura umurongo udasanzwe East Urugi ku rugi）
(4) Ubushinwa -Mexico umurongo udasanzwe （Urugi ku rugi）
(5) Serivisi ishinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa
(6) Ubushinwa bugisha inama amasoko na serivisi zinzego
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-06-2022